How the evolution of sports fashion has impacted women's performance in sport.
Another massive promoter and influence on women’s sports participation and fashion was the film industry. Sportswear became the American style, coinciding with the rising popularity and influence of American movies. Celebrities had the power to set trends that spread globally.
Technology and the production of breathable, form-fitting fabrics brought us out of the second world war and into today, where every competitive sport in modern times advertises and encourages performance enhancing fashion. With that comes the problem of scantily clad athletes, where women are often labelled as being too sexy. As a result, her performance is often over-looked, and her self-esteem threatened. This trend is not as evident amongst male athletes.In 1893, a prayer-meeting was held in a New York church to address a serious problem that tainted the church. An active church member, a widow, did the unthinkable. She purchased a bicycle. Such actions were unladylike, unchristian, and a disgrace to the church. “The bicycle,” judged the moral guardians, “is the devil’s advocate agent morally and physically.” Calling on all “true women and clergymen” to support them, they denounced cycling by women as “indecent and vulgar,” and for good measure demanded that “married women should not resort to riding the wheel unless they wish to prevent motherhood.”
The bicycle permitted the freedom to travel and ability to break away from wearing conventional clothing, therefore cycling was directly related to “The New Woman” that was emerging in the 1890s. She was a modern woman who defined her own role in society. Many chose to forgo marriage and child rearing and worked outside the home, or became politically active in women’s social issues.
The International Olympics Committee voted in 1910 to introduce swimming events for women. This was significant considering women's swimwear of that time. Since women first started stepping publicly into the water in the mid-nineteenth century, the problem of wet cloth clinging to the female body troubled society. Modesty took precedence over common sense, and the solution was to cover the body in layers- caps, dresses, blouses, skirts, trousers, stockings, shoes, even corsets - all with the hope that the sheer weight of those layers would protect the enveloped body from too curious eyes. The downside of this weight, of course, was that it dropped the body to the bottom like a stone. When women arrived on scene at the Olympics, most had fabricated their own style of racing suit.The English women's 4 X100 meter swim team, pictured here were among the first to adopt the early version of the racing suit.
The importance of these Olympic swimmers was they were taking a stand in a time when it was illegal for women to swim bare legged, and is a formidable example of the need to self-express through clothing.Despite the fact that nude bathing was illegal, nudism drew a huge audience. Early Hollywood film, The Water Nymph, (1912), by Mack Sennett featured attractive women scantily dressed who became known as the Bathing Beauties. It was apparent that sex sells, for the images of these women found their way into many other movies and advertisments. It was this suit that provided the prototype for the standard suit of the 1920s and early 1930s.
Dressing is an important and controllable way to communicate one’s values because it reflects life status and how a person wants to appear in society. When it comes to women and sports fashion however, the image women are trying to portray and the image society perceives of them are often incongruent.
Despite the leaps and bounds women’s sports fashion has made in the past century, women are still subject to sexualization and discrimination, which undermines their credibility as athletes and threatens their self-image.To this day, the requirement for women to cover, control and restrict her body remains an issue. This could be due to the troubling belief that for some, women’s proper role is not in the public sphere, but in the domestic role of motherhood. The unfortunate result is a direct attack to a woman's freedom of self-expression through fashion.
Campbell Warner, Patricia. “Clothing as Barrier: American Women in the Olympics, 1900-1920.” Dress. vol. 24, 1997, pp. 55-68.
Campbell Warner, Patricia. “From Clothing for Sport to Sportswear and the American Style: The Movies Carried the Message, 1912-1940.” Costume, vol. 47, no. 1, 2013, pp. 45-62.
Ewing, Lori. “Lanni Marchant Disgusted by Comments About Women in Sport.” The Canadian Press. 4 Nov 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/lanni-marchant-disgusted-comments-1.3837723. Accessed 20 Mar 17.
King, Anthony. “The Naked Female Athlete: The Case of Rebecca Romero.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. vol. 48, no. 5, 2012, pp. 515-534.
Marchant, Lanni. “Half Naked and Almost Famous” www.lannimarchant.com/blog/. Accessed 19 Mar 17.
Tiggemann, Marika & Lacey, Catherine. “Shopping for Clothes: Body Satisfaction, Appearance Investment, and Functions of Clothing Among Female Shoppers.” Body Image. vol. 6, 2009, pp. 285–291.
Thomas, Pauline Weston. Sports Costume and Sports Dress Fashion History to 1960. www.fashion-era.com. Accessed 7 Mar 2017.